ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: No specific quality-of-life scale for stroke patients has previously been translated and evaluated for reproducibility, for use in the Portuguese language. Internationally, the instrument for this purpose is the Stroke Impact Scale 2.0 (SIS). Use of of SIS enables comprehensive analysis on the impact of mild and moderate stroke on patients’ lives. The aims here were to translate SIS into Portuguese, adapt it culturally, evaluate its reproducibility and correlate it with SF-36 among stroke patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Translation and validation study. METHODS: The process of initial and retrograde translation was performed, in addition to cultural adaptation to the Brazilian language and culture. SIS was applied to 40 patients, who answered the questions three times. On the first day, the scale was applied twice by two independent researchers (to evaluate interobserver reproducibility). Fifteen days later, the scale was applied for a third time by another researcher (intraobserver reproducibility). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to measure the reproducibility of the SIS scale. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the whole scale was very good (ICC: 0.73 to 0.99). Intraobserver reproducibility in all domains was also very good (ICC: 0.85 to 0.95). Comparison of SIS with SF-36 showed that the domains of strength, mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs) correlated moderately with the functional capacity domain, as did the ADL domain with general health status. The other correlations were weak. The depression domain showed a moderate negative correlation with the memory and communication domains. CONCLUSION: The translation of the SIS 2.0 scale was easy to understand and it had good reproducibility among stroke patients.

O gênero Aloysia reúne aproximadamente 30 espécies, porém sua circunscrição tem sido motivo de controvérsia. São poucos os estudos citogenéticos para o gênero, relatando apenas o número e o comportamento cromossômico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, identificar os caracteres citogenéticos de Aloysia virgata da flora brasileira que possam ser utilizados para um melhor entendimento e caracterização dos aspectos citogenéticos da família Verbenaceae, que possam contribuir para a organização taxonômica do grupo. Aloysia virgata apresentou cariótipo com 2n = 36 pequenos cromossomos, todos com o mesmo tamanho. Grande quantidade de heterocromatina foi observada com Giemsa e confirmada pela técnica de banda C. Foram detectadas quatro regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (NORs) e dois sítios de rDNA 5S pela técnica de hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH). O núcleo interfásico foi classificado como semireticulado. Foi realizada a caracterização meiótica, na qual os cromossomos apresentaram comportamento normal, com a presença de 18 bivalentes na prófase I e na metáfase I. O número de cromossomos, de NORs e de segmentos de DNAr 5S não excluem uma possível origem poliplóide.

Since previous cytogenetic reports of Aloysia have only described the meiotic behavior and chromosomal number of some species, the aim of this work was to provide detailed cytogenetic description of Aloysia virgata that would contribute to the understanding of the taxonomical organization of the Verbenaceae. Aloysia virgata had a karyotype with 2n = 36 metacentric chromosomes, all with similar size. The large amount of heterochromatin seen after Giemsa staining was confirmed by C-banding. Four nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were detected with an rDNA 45S probe in two homologous pairs and two sites of 5S rDNA located on one chromosomal pair were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The interphase nucleus was classified as semi-reticulate. Meiotic analysis showed a normal chromosomal behavior, with 18 bivalents in some parts of prophase I and in metaphase I. The number of chromosomes, NORs and 5S rDNA segments did not exclude a possible polyploid origin.

Sementes de Hymenaea courbaril L. possuem um polissacarídeo de reserva que é mobilizado após a germinação, quando a primeira folha da planta já é fotossinteticamente ativa. No momento da mobilização das reservas, a plântula precisa coordenar duas fontes de carboidratos: a fotossíntese e a mobilização das reservas. Ambos geram sacarose como forma de exportação de carbono. Para entender a alocação de recursos na plântula, portanto, é necessário avaliar o catabolismo de sacarose nos órgãos. Neste trabalho foram analisados os carboidratos de baixo peso, quantificada a atividade da sacarose sintase e das três isoformas de invertase nos diferentes órgãos de plântulas de H. courbaril ao longo de um dia. As dosagens foram feitas no período de mobilização do xiloglucano, sendo as plântulas coletadas em intervalos de 6 horas, com uma coleta extra às 2 horas da manhã. Cada uma das enzimas apresentou um padrão característico de variação ao longo do dia, sugerindo funções distintas e independentes em cada órgão. A análise dos carboidratos mostrou altas concentrações de sacarose nos órgãos-dreno, enquanto os cotilédones apresentaram altas concentrações de monossacarídeos livres. A existência de isoformas com propriedades e distribuição celular distintas variando de forma independente ao longo do dia sugere que as isoformas podem ter funções fisiológicas distintas dentro da planta.

Seeds of Hymenaea courbaril L. have a storage polysaccharide that is mobilized after germination, when the first leaf is already photosynthetic. During reserve mobilization, the seedling has to coordinate two carbohydrate sources: photosynthesis and storage mobilisation. Both use sucrose to export carbon. To understand the allocation of carbon resources in the seedling, therefore, it is essential to study the catabolism of sucrose in the organs. In the present work, the low molecular weight carbohydrates were analyzed, as well as the activity of sucrose synthase and of the three isoforms of invertase in organs of Hymenaea courbaril L. seedlings along a day. The analysis was made each 6 hours, with an extra analysis at 2 am. Each enzyme had a characteristic variation pattern along the day, suggesting distinct and independent functions for each organ. The carbohydrate analysis showed higher concentration of sucrose in the sink-organs, while the cotyledons had high concentration of free monosaccharides. The existence of isoforms with distinct properties and cellular distribution varying in independent ways along the day suggests that these isoforms may have distinct physiological functions in the plant.